Short answer: A Canadian citizen or permanent resident can sponsor a spouse, common-law partner or conjugal partner for permanent residence. At the time of writing, the government fees are $660 for sponsorship and processing plus a $600 right of permanent residence fee, and $85 for biometrics. Processing time varies, so check IRCC's current estimate before you plan.
Who can sponsor
- the sponsor is 18 or older and a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident or registered under the Indian Act
- a permanent resident sponsor lives in Canada; a citizen living abroad must show they will live in Canada once the partner becomes a permanent resident
- the sponsor is not receiving social assistance for a reason other than disability
- the sponsor is not barred by certain criminal convictions, unpaid support, a default on a previous sponsorship, or bankruptcy
- the sponsor was not sponsored as a spouse or partner within the last five years
The sponsor signs an undertaking to support the sponsored partner for three years after they become a permanent resident. That obligation continues even if the relationship ends.
Spouse, common-law or conjugal partner
- Spouse: legally married, with a marriage valid where it took place and under Canadian law.
- Common-law partner: living together in a conjugal relationship for at least 12 continuous months.
- Conjugal partner: in a committed relationship for at least a year but unable to live together or marry because of circumstances beyond your control.
Inland or outland
An outland application is processed through the visa office responsible for the partner's country, and the partner may be living inside or outside Canada. An inland application is for a partner already living with the sponsor in Canada with valid status. Inland applicants may be able to get an open work permit while they wait, but eligibility rules change, so check the current IRCC requirements before relying on it.
Government fees
| Fee | Amount at the time of writing |
|---|---|
| Sponsorship fee and principal applicant processing fee | $660 |
| Right of permanent residence fee | $600 |
| Biometrics, per person | $85 |
Fees are set by IRCC and change from time to time; always confirm them on IRCC's fee page before paying. Medical exams, police certificates and translations are paid separately.
Processing times
IRCC publishes current processing time estimates on its website, and they move with application volumes. The estimate starts when IRCC receives a complete application, so missing documents can add months before the clock really starts.
The most common causes of delay
- missing forms, unsigned forms or out of date versions
- thin relationship evidence: few photos, little communication history, no proof of cohabitation or joint finances
- police certificates or medical exams not done or expired
- inconsistent dates or addresses across forms
- a previous refusal, misrepresentation or immigration violation that is not explained
- not responding promptly to requests, including procedural fairness letters
- not updating IRCC about a change of address, a new child or a change in status
If the application is refused
A refused sponsorship of a spouse or partner can usually be appealed to the Immigration Appeal Division by the sponsor, within 30 days of receiving the decision. Appeal rights can be limited where inadmissibility for serious criminality or misrepresentation is involved. Getting advice on the reasons for refusal is the first step.
Frequently asked questions
How much does it cost to sponsor a spouse to Canada?
At the time of writing, $660 for sponsorship and processing, a $600 right of permanent residence fee and $85 per person for biometrics, plus medical exams, police certificates and translations.
How long does spousal sponsorship take in Canada?
It varies with IRCC volumes. Check the current estimate on IRCC's processing time tool, and remember that incomplete applications take longer.
Can my spouse work in Canada while the sponsorship is processed?
Some inland applicants can get an open work permit while they wait. The rules change, so confirm current eligibility with IRCC or a lawyer.
Can I sponsor my common-law partner?
Yes, if you have lived together in a conjugal relationship for at least 12 continuous months.
What happens if the relationship ends after sponsorship?
The sponsor's three year undertaking continues. If the sponsored partner receives social assistance in that period, the sponsor may have to repay it.
Can a spousal sponsorship refusal be appealed?
In most cases the sponsor can appeal to the Immigration Appeal Division within 30 days of the decision.
Talk to our team
This guide is general information, not legal advice. For advice on your situation, see our immigration lawyer in Toronto page. To book a paid consultation (30 minutes, $150 plus HST, paid when you book), book online or call (647) 271-1646. The phone is answered 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and office meetings are by appointment. Civitas Law is a team of legal professionals under the leadership of lawyer Nasibeh Mehrpouyan, serving clients in English, French, Farsi, Russian and Serbian.